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Journal of archaeology and ancient architecture

Tag Archives: archeologia del culto

Sacra Ariminensia. Fondamenti culturali e fisionomie identitarie di una colonia latina

Author: F. Belfiori

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This paper aims to shed light on the religious structure of the Latin colony of Ariminum, through the revision of some archaeological and epigraphic documents, coming from different locations in the Gallic and Piceno territories and dating between 3rd and 2nd cent. BC. It is possible to identify Roman families and urban élites engaged in the conquest of central Italy as main vectors through whom the ideological  nd religious heritage of mid-Republican Rome and Lazio flowed into the institutional and official systems of the Adriatic colonial centres, shaping their cultural and identity structures. Therefore, the adhesion of the colonists to cults and ritual customs of familiar traditions of those who had sponsored the conquest and colonization of new territories, may have represented some of the most effective tools through which the colonists manifested their cultural identity and renewed social bonds, loyalty and political belonging, as well. At the same time, religion represented a privileged terrain upon which to conduct political and cultural dialogue with local communities, infunction of their approach and integration. 

Una testina fittile di Io dal santuario della Madonna dell’Alemanna a Gela

Autore: G. Spagnolo

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Oggetto del contributo è una singolare testina fittile femminile con corna ed orecchie bovine, rinvenuta nel 1951 sulla collinetta della Madonna dell’Alemanna, a Nord della città di Gela. Qui, a seguito della scoperta casuale di una fossa votiva di VII-VI sec. a.C., gli studiosi localizzarono un importante santuario extraurbano della polis greca e lo attribuirono a Demetra soprattutto in virtù della suddetta testina, recuperata al di fuori della fossa, perché ritennero che essa fosse allusiva al legame tra la dea, i bovini e l’agricoltura. In assenza di dati specifici sulla giacitura originaria del pezzo, il presente studio ne fissa la datazione intorno alla metà del V sec. a.C. su base tipologica e stilistica e lo assegna a fabbrica locale. Attraverso poi la disamina di numerose fonti letterarie e iconografiche, la ricerca perviene all’ipotesi che il frammento possa essere pertinente ad una statuetta di aspetto ibrido, insieme umano e animale, che rappresentava Io, la famosa sacerdotessa del santuario di Hera ad Argo, amata da Zeus, trasformata in candida vacca e poi assurta al rango di eroina capostipite della regale stirpe degli Achei. Alla luce di tale identificazione, lo studio affronta il complesso problema del rapporto tra la figura di Io e quella di Hera, divinità di riferimento della sacerdotessa nella sfera del mito, specificamente nell’ambito argivo; ed inoltre, prendendo in esame altri esempi di manufatti di varie provenienze raffiguranti l’eroina, indaga sulla possibilità di eventuali riflessi di tale rapporto nelle attività rituali connesse con il culto della dea. In conclusione, viene dunque avanzata l’ipotesi che sulla collinetta dell’Alemanna esistesse un edificio o uno spazio dedicato a Hera Argiva.

The topic of this paper is a singular female clay head with bovine horns and ears, found in 1951 on the hill of “Madonna dell’Alemanna”, northwards the city of Gela. After the accidental discovery of a votive pit dating back to the 7th-6th cent. BC, scholars located here an important extra-urban sanctuary of the Greek polis and attributed it to Demeter on the basis of the female clay head, found outside the pit, because they considered it allusive to the relationship between the goddess, cattle and agriculture. Without specific data on the stratigraphic context of the artefact, the present study fixes its dating around the middle of the 5th cent. B.C. on a typological and stylistic basis and attributes it to a local workshop. Then, through the examination of numerous literary and iconographic sources, the investigation comes to the hypothesis that the artefact may be pertinent to a hybrid figurine, both human and animal, which represented Io, the famous priestess of the sanctuary of Hera in Argos, loved by Zeus, transformed into a white cow and then arisen to the rank of heroine progenitor of the royal lineage of the Achaeans. Beginning with this identification, the research deals with the problem of the relationship between the character of Io and Hera, the reference deity of the priestess in the sphere of myth, specifically in the Argive context. Furthermore, considering other items from various provenances depicting the heroine, the study investigates the possibility of any influences of this relationship in the ritual activities connected with the worship of the goddess. As a final point, the search formulates the hypothesis that on the Alemanna hill there was a building or a space dedicated to Hera Argiva.

Edifici pubblici e pasto rituale in Attica

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This paper was presented at the International Conference Cibo per gli uomini, cibo per gli dei. Archeologia del pasto rituale, Piazza Armerina, 5-8 of May, 2005. This is now an updated version. The article concerns the issues related to ritual meal in Attica, especially by analyzing the function of several buildings showing an array of cases that has not been properly assessed yet. Each case’s specific features lead to the hypothesis that banquet building rooms’ plan and furniture, as well as the overall number of available seats, point to the existence of different usage methods reflecting coherent social and religious structures. Athens, Eleusis and Brauron are taken into account as examples of a functional system that autonomously organizes its own spaces on the basis of social and institutional needs.